A tummy tuck is a surgical procedure used to flatten the abdomen by removing excess fat and skin and tightening the underlying muscles. The scars may be short (mini-abdominoplasty), or may extend along the lower abdomen hidden only by a bikini (full abdominoplasty). The procedure lasts two to four hours and is usually performed with general anesthesia. Once the tummy tuck is completed, the patient should expect temporary pain, swelling, and numbness in the area. Patients usually return to work in two weeks; strenuous activity is limited for four to six weeks or more. Fading and flattening of the scars takes three months to two years. Risks include blood clots, infection, conspicuous scarring, or skin loss. Minor revisions may also be required. The results of a tummy tuck are generally considered permanent.